Sihon appears in the Old Testament as a powerful Amorite ruler whose defeat became a major turning point for Israel on their journey to the Promised Land. His refusal to allow Israel passage through his territory led to a decisive battle that showcased God’s protection over Israel and opened the way for their settlement east of the Jordan.
Quick Facts
Name: Sihon
Title: King of the Amorites
Region: Heshbon (modern-day Jordan)
Era: Time of Moses (~13th century BCE)
Known For: Refusing Israel passage; defeated by Moses
Key Texts: Numbers 21, Deuteronomy 2, Joshua 12
Legacy: His conquered land became home to the tribes of Reuben and Gad
Name & Identity
Sihon was the Amorite king who ruled from Heshbon. The Amorites were a powerful Canaanite people known for fortified cities and strong armies. Sihon’s kingdom controlled important trade routes, making him a strategic and influential ruler.
Territory & Kingdom
Sihon governed a wide stretch of land east of the Jordan River. His domain included Heshbon and land previously taken from the Moabites. This made him a key force in the region, and his military strength was well known.
Major Biblical Event
Israel peacefully requested passage through his land during their journey from Egypt. Sihon refused and instead chose to attack. This led to a complete Israelite victory. Israel captured his territory, cities, and settlements.
This battle became a symbol of God’s power to overcome strong nations on behalf of Israel.
Aftermath & Legacy
The land Israel captured from Sihon was later allotted to the tribes of Reuben and Gad, forming an important settlement east of the Jordan. His defeat is recalled repeatedly in Scripture as evidence of God’s mighty acts.
Notable Passages
- Numbers 21:21–31: Israel’s request and Sihon’s attack
- Deuteronomy 2:24–37: Moses retells the victory
- Joshua 12:2–5: Sihon listed among the defeated kings
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